Data & Sources

ArxModern uses structured information from established scientific, meteorological, geological, and governmental data providers to support its coverage of significant natural events worldwide.

Source Principles

ArxModern prioritizes structured and publicly accessible information from recognized organizations. Source data is used to build factual event records and supporting context.

Information may be updated when an authoritative source revises, expands, or corrects its underlying event data.

Primary Data Sources

Earthquakes

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)

USGS earthquake data is used for structured seismic information including earthquake location, magnitude, depth, time, and related event parameters where available.

Official source: earthquake.usgs.gov

Volcanoes

Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program

The Smithsonian Institution’s Global Volcanism Program provides reference information about volcanoes, eruptions, volcanic activity, and historical volcanic events.

Official source: volcano.si.edu

Tsunamis

NOAA / National Centers for Environmental Information

NOAA resources may be used for tsunami event information, observations, historical records, and related hazard data.

Official source: ncei.noaa.gov

Tropical Cyclones

International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship

IBTrACS provides a consolidated global collection of tropical cyclone best-track information from multiple meteorological agencies and is used for structured cyclone records where appropriate.

Official source: NOAA IBTrACS

Additional Supporting Sources

Individual articles may also reference additional recognized organizations when they provide relevant information about a specific event. Examples may include:

  • National geological and seismological agencies
  • National meteorological and hydrological services
  • Official tsunami warning centers
  • Volcano observatories
  • Emergency-management authorities
  • Other governmental or scientific institutions

Supporting sources may vary by event, location, and data availability.

How Source Data Is Used

Structured source records may be collected, normalized, compared, and validated before being used to prepare an ArxModern event page. Not every incoming source record is automatically published as an article.

Coverage is intended to focus on events that are significant, searchable, and supported by sufficient source information.

When new source data refers to an event already covered by ArxModern, the existing page may be updated rather than creating a duplicate page.

Automated Processing

Automated systems may assist with data collection, normalization, validation, organization, drafting, and updating. Automated processing is designed to operate from available source material and structured event data.

ArxModern does not intend automated generation to replace the underlying source record or create unsupported factual claims.

Source Attribution

Where practical and relevant, individual event pages identify or link to supporting data providers used for that coverage. Source names, datasets, and links may differ depending on the type and location of the event.

Third-party names, trademarks, datasets, and services remain the property of their respective owners.

Data Changes & Corrections

Natural-event data can change after initial publication. Earthquake magnitudes may be revised, cyclone tracks may be updated, and reports about volcanic or tsunami activity may become more complete over time.

ArxModern may therefore update existing pages when newer reliable information becomes available.

Important Notice

ArxModern is not an official warning service. For emergency alerts, evacuation orders, hazard warnings, and life-safety decisions, always rely on the appropriate local authorities and official emergency or scientific agencies.

Questions or Corrections

If you identify a possible factual error, outdated information, attribution issue, or source problem, please contact us through the Contact page.