Gamkonora is a stratovolcano located in Indonesia, standing at an elevation of 1,635 meters within a subduction zone and oceanic crust tectonic setting. According to official records from the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program, the volcano has a confirmed history of 13 eruptions spanning several centuries. The earliest recorded eruption in the official catalog began on December 31, 1564 CE, while the latest confirmed eruption sequence took place between July 8, 2007 CE, and July 16, 2007 CE.
Historical Eruption Timeline and Extent
The documented eruptive activity at Gamkonora is distributed across the 16th century CE, 17th century CE, 19th century CE, 20th century CE, and 21st century CE. Official reporting indicates a total of 13 confirmed eruptions with recorded Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) observations. VEI values in the record range from smaller events up to a maximum recorded magnitude of 5.0.
Among the notable historical entries in the Smithsonian record is a high-magnitude eruption on May 20, 1673 CE, which reached a VEI of 5.0. Centuries later, the 20th century CE saw frequent activity with multiple recorded events, including eruptions starting on July 2, 1911 CE, and July 2, 1949 CE, both carrying a VEI of 2.0. The most recent recorded activity in the dataset began on July 8, 2007 CE, and concluded on July 16, 2007 CE, with a VEI of 2.0.
Summary of Confirmed Eruptions by Century
The distribution of Gamkonora's 13 confirmed eruptions across centuries demonstrates varied intervals of documented activity:
- 16th Century CE: 1 eruption (beginning in 1564 CE)
- 17th Century CE: 1 eruption (beginning in 1673 CE)
- 19th Century CE: 1 eruption
- 20th Century CE: 9 eruptions
- 21st Century CE: 1 eruption (ending in 2007 CE)
All recorded eruptions in the official collection are classified with reported observations, and none are noted as continuing beyond their documented end dates. The profile lists the last known eruption year as 2007 CE.
Frequently asked questions
Where is Gamkonora located?
Gamkonora is located in Indonesia.
What is the elevation of Gamkonora?
Gamkonora stands at an elevation of 1,635 meters.
How many eruptions have been recorded at Gamkonora?
The Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program record contains 13 confirmed eruptions for Gamkonora.
When was Gamkonora's earliest recorded eruption?
The earliest recorded eruption in the official record began on December 31, 1564 CE.
What was the largest recorded eruption at Gamkonora?
The largest recorded eruption in the dataset reached a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 5.0, occurring on May 20, 1673 CE.
Image credits
- Johannes van Braam / G. onder de Linden — Wikimedia Commons source — Public domain
Sources and further context
Official datasets support the event-specific facts.