Iliwerung (Indonesia): Recorded Eruptions and Historical Activity

Iliwerung is a complex volcano located in Indonesia within a subduction zone setting (where crustal thickness is noted as unknown in official records). Rising to an elevation of 583.0 meters, the volcano has a documented history of unrest and eruptive activity monitored and recorded by the Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program.

According to the official record, Iliwerung has a total of 14 confirmed eruptions spanning from the 19th century CE through the 21st century CE. The earliest recorded eruption in the available dataset began on July 2, 1870 CE, carrying a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 3.0. The latest confirmed eruption in the database started on November 28, 2021 CE, and concluded on November 29, 2021 CE, with a VEI of 0.0.

Overview of Recorded Eruptions and Timeline

The historical record shows intermittent activity across three centuries. Out of the 14 confirmed eruptions, all 14 have recorded Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) observations, with the largest recorded VEI reaching 3.0. Representative events from the eruption timeline illustrate the varied nature of activity across different flanks and vents:

• July 2, 1870 CE: An eruption occurred in the Iliwerung (Iliadowajo) activity area with a VEI of 3.0, marked by reported observations.
• April 7, 1948 CE – November 26, 1948 CE: An eruption took place on the east flank (Iligripe) with a VEI of 2.0.
• November 12, 1951 CE – November 16, 1951 CE: A confirmed eruption occurred with a VEI of 2.0.
• September 15, 1993 CE – September 19, 1993 CE: An eruption was recorded at the Hobal submarine vent located on the southeast flank, reaching a VEI of 2.0.
• November 28, 2021 CE – November 29, 2021 CE: A confirmed eruption occurred with a VEI of 0.0.

Eruption Distribution by Century

Historical reporting indicates that Iliwerung's activity has been concentrated primarily in the 20th century CE, with additional events noted in the 19th and 21st centuries CE:

• 19th century CE: 1 confirmed eruption
• 20th century CE: 11 confirmed eruptions
• 21st century CE: 2 confirmed eruptions

None of the representative eruption records currently list a continuing status (all marked as is_continuing: false in the underlying report data). The last known eruption year associated with the volcano profile is 2021.